Annulated sea snake

Annulated sea snake

Hydrophis cyanocinctus

Annulated sea snake

Hydrophis cyanocinctus

No description available.

  • Local name: Kalo-halud banded lathi shap
  • Venom presence: Venomous
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia Order Squamata Family Elapidae Genus Hydrophis Species Hydrophis cyanocinctus
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Synonyms
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocinctus</i> DAUDIN 1803: 383<br>
• <i>Leioselasma striata</i> LACÉPÈDE 1804: 210<br>
• <i>Hydrophis chittal</i> RAFINESQUE 1817: 432<br>
• <i>Hydrophis striata</i> SCHLEGEL 1837: 502<br>
• <i>Hydrophis subannulata</i> GRAY 1849: 54<br>
• <i>Hydrophis aspera</i> GRAY 1849: 55<br>
• <i>Hydrophis striatus</i> DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1347<br>
• <i>Hydrophis striata</i> FISCHER 1856: 41<br>
• <i>Hydrophis westermani</i> JAN 1859<br>
• <i>Hydrophis westermanni</i> JAN 1863: 111 (emendation) <br>
• <i>Hydrophis trachyceps</i> THEOBALD 1868: 70<br>
• <i>Hydrophis crassicollis</i> ANDERSON 1871: 19<br>
• <i>Hydrophis tuberculatus</i> ANDERSON 1871 (by SMITH 1920) <br>
• <i>Hydrophis tenuicollis</i> PETERS 1873<br>
• <i>Hydrophis taprobanica</i> HALY 1887: 107<br>
• <i>Hydrophis phipsoni</i> MURRAY 1887: 32<br>
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocincta</i> BOULENGER 1887: 408<br>
• <i>Distira cyanocincta</i> WERNER 1895<br>
• <i>Distira cyanocincta</i> BOULENGER 1896: 294<br>
• <i>Distira sabavacensis</i> BOULENGER 1900 (fide KHARIN 2008) <br>
• <i>Disteira cyanocincta</i> STEJNEGER 1907: 428<br>
• <i>Leioselasma</i> [sic] <i>cyanocincta</i> WALL 1921: 361<br>
• <i>Leioselasma cyanocincta</i> PRATER 1924<br>
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocinctus</i> SMITH 1943: 454<br>
• <i>Leioselasma cyanocinctus</i> KHARIN 1984<br>
• <i>Leioselasma cyanocincta</i> WELCH 1994: 71<br>
• <i>Leioselasma cyanocinctus</i> DAS 1996: 61<br>
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocinctus</i> MURPHY, COX & VORIS 1999<br>
• <i>Leioselasma cyanocincta</i> KHARIN 2005<br>
• <i>Leioselasma cyanocincta</i> KHARIN 2008<br>
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocinctus</i> MAHONY <i>et al</i>. 2009<br>
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocinctus</i> SANG <i>et al</i>. 2009<br>
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocinctus</i> MURTHY 2010<br>
• <i> Hydrophis cyanocincta</i> RASMUSSEN <i>et al</i> 2011<br>
• <i>Hydrophis cyanocinctus</i> SANDERS <i>et al</i> 2012 <br><br>

<a href=" http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Hydrophis&species=cyanocinctus
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Distribution
Australia; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India (Andaman Is., Nicobar Is.); Indonesia; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Kuwait; Malaysia; Myanmar; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Korea; Japan;
Size
Large sized sea snake; adults usually 140-170 cm long (maximum 190 cm). Length of head and body are 136 cm and tail 14 cm respectively.
Structural features
The body of the annulated sea snake is variable in colouration, but usually bears 50 to 75 black bands or rings on a yellow or olive background, the bands being broader towards the upper surface of the body and usually tapering to a point on the flanks. Head moderate and eye shorter than its distance from the mouth in the adult. Snouth broadly rounded. Tip of fang projects conspicuously below a line connecting the tips of solid maxillary teeth. The species is one of the longest of all sea snakes and the female is larger than the male.
Habitat
Found in shallow near-shore marine waters throughout the Persian Gulf and northern Indian Ocean. One of the most common sea snakes in these regions. Sometimes may be found in mouths of freshwater streams and sometimes comes out onto land near the water.
Diet
It feeds on marine in vertebrates and also on various groups of fish such as eels and gobies.
Reproduction
This species is ovoviviparous. The young are born alive in broods of 3-16. The new borns are about 38 centimetres (15 inches) long.
Behavior
This snake swims in fairly shallow near-shore marine waters, especially common in the Persian Gulf and eastward throughout most of the northern Indian Ocean. Sometimes comes out onto land. Usually this species is both dirunal and nocturnal. Sometimes they are attracted toward lights on boats or docks at night.
Venom characteristics
The venom of this snake contains mostly very potent neurotoxins and myotoxins. Relatively larger fangs and contain more venom which caused numerous human envenomations and fatalities.
Key characters
• Interspaces between annuli or bands are narrower than or about the same width as the bands.
Proteins
Nucleotides
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